What is orthodontics?
It is the specialty of dentistry that focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of problems related to dental misalignment and improper positioning of teeth and the jaw. The goal of Orthodontics is to correct these irregularities, aligning the teeth and providing a correct bite, thus improving facial aesthetics and chewing function.
Within orthodontics, there are different types of appliances, each with their own characteristics and specific indications:
- Conventional Braces
- Fixed Braces
- Removable Appliances
- Invisible Aligners
- Palatal Expander
- Retainer
Conventional Braces
The conventional braces are the most common type of orthodontic appliance and consist of metal brackets bonded to the front surface of the teeth and titanium archwires that connect them. The orthodontist adjusts the archwires periodically to apply controlled forces to the teeth, gradually moving them to their correct positions.
Removable Appliances
Removable appliances are devices that the patient can take out of the mouth, as the name suggests. They are mainly used for making minor adjustments and treatments in patients who are still growing or for simpler cases of malocclusion. These appliances can be removed for eating and brushing the teeth, which facilitates oral hygiene.
Invisible Aligners
Invisible aligners are an advanced aesthetic option for orthodontic treatment. It consists of a series of custom-made, removable, and transparent aligners for the patient’s teeth. The aligners are changed every few weeks to gradually move the teeth to their correct positions. Invisible aligners are discreet, comfortable, and provide effective results for selected cases.
Palatal Expander
The palatal expander is a fixed device used to expand the maxillary bone, especially in patients with crossbite or lack of space to accommodate the teeth. The appliance is placed in the upper part of the mouth and is periodically adjusted by the orthodontist to promote gradual expansion of the palate (roof of the mouth).
Retainer
After the completion of orthodontic treatment, it is essential to use a retainer to prevent the teeth from returning to their previous positions. The retainer can be removable or fixed and is designed to maintain the teeth aligned and stable after orthodontic treatment.
Self-Ligating Braces
The self-ligating braces is an advanced technology used in orthodontics to correct malocclusion issues and effectively align teeth. It differs from conventional braces in that it does not require elastic ligatures (rubber bands) to secure the orthodontic wires to the brackets.
In this type of appliance, the brackets have their own closing mechanisms, eliminating the need for elastic ligatures. Orthodontic wires are inserted directly into the brackets, which have small doors or covers to hold them in place. This results in less friction, increased comfort, and smoother tooth movement.
Each type of orthodontic appliance has its specific indications, and orthodontic treatment should be personalized to meet the needs and goals of each patient. It is important to consult an orthodontist to assess the individual situation and recommend the best type of retainer to achieve a healthy and beautiful smile.